Unit 14 The Modern Age in Spain
Vocabulary:
Priveleged,
Unpriveleged/Privilegiados, No privilegiados
Nobility /la Nobleza
Clerics/el Clero
Upper Class/Clase Alta
Middle Class/Clase Media
Farmers/Granjeros
Merchants/Mercaderes
Property/Propiedad
Lifestyle/Estilo
de vida
In regards to…/En
respecto de
Tolerant/Tolerante
Result/Resultado
Jews/Judíos
Expelled/Expulsado
Printing Press/Imprenta
Century/Siglo
Enabled/Permitió,
Posibilitó
Reflected/Reflejado
Architect/Arquitecto
Designed/Diseñado
Herrerian/Herreriano
Austere/Austero
Baroque/Barroco
Ornamentation/Ornamentación
Neoclassical/Neoclásico
Emerged/Emergió
Sculpture/Escultura
Outstanding/
Sobresaliendo
Elongated/Alargadas
Developed/Desarrollado
Society and culture
In the Modern Age society was divided into two
groups; the privileged, like nobility and clerics, who were the upper
class, and the unprivileged like
farmers and merchants, who were middle
class. In general, farmers were very poor, but the richest merchants owned property and tried to imitate the lifestyle of nobility. In regards to religion, society in the
Modern Age was intolerant. As a result,
the Jews were expelled in 1492 and in 1609, the Moriscos.
Literature
The Modern age produced
brilliant writers. The printing press was
invented in the 15th century
and enabled their works to be distributed to a larger area. In the 18th century writers such
as Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos reflected
on Spain’s various problems.
Art and Architecture
The style of architecture
changed each century in the Modern Age.
In the 16th century Architects
designed buildings in Herrerian style. Named after Juan de Herrera. This style was austere with little decoration.
In the 17th century there was the Baroque style which incorporated curved lines and rich ornamentation. In the 18th century the neoclassical style emerged which imitated Roman architecture.
The most important works
of sculpture during this time were
in churches. Famous sculptures were
Gregorio Fernandez and Martinez Montanes.
The most outstanding painter
of the 16th century was El Greco, who painted elegant, eolongated figures. In the 17th century painting was
characterized by realism. At the end of the 18th
century, Francisco de Goya stands out
as one of the greatest artists of all time.
The Development of Science in the 18th century
In the 18th
century science and education were highly
valued. Many museums, observatories
and botanical gardens were founded. Academies like the Royal Academy of Languages
and economic societies were
created. This tells us that education
was considered to be very important.