¡¡¡PRONTO ESTARÁ LISTO!!!   

                                                                                                                  

         Bienvenidos al blog de Conocimiento del Medio del Colegio Pinosierra.

                    El objetivo principal es facilitar el estudio a todos los alumnos de  6º de primaria

                                                   de manera clara, práctica y divertida.

              

Unit 4- Reproduction

Sexual Characteristics-Caracteres Sexuales

Reproductive Organs-Órganos Reproductores

Low Voice-Voz Grave

Facial Hair-Barba

Higher Voice-Voz Aguda

Breasts-Pechos

Wider Hips-Caderas más anchas

Puberty-Pubertad

Sexual Organs-Órganos Sexuales

Pituitary Gland-Hipófisis

Mature-Madurar       

Sexual Hormones-Hormonas Sexuales

Genital Organs-Órganos Genitales

Ovaries-Ovarios

Fallopian Tubes-Trompas de Falopio

Uterus-Útero

Vagina-Vagina

Vulva-Vulva

Testicles-Testículos

Vas Deferens-Conductos Deferentes

Urethra-Uretra

Prostate-Próstata

Seminal Vesicles-Vesículas Seminales

Scrotum-Escroto

Penis-Pene

Sex Cells-Celulas Sexuales

Spermatozoa-Espermatozoides         Ovules-Óvulos

Sexual Characteristics are the physical differences that exist between men and women.  Primary sexual characteristics are the reproductive organs.  Secondary sexual characteristics are not directly related to reproduction.  For example men have a low voice and facial hair.  Women have a higher voice, develop breasts and have wider hips. 

People are born with their sexual organs but they do not begin to mature until a certain age.  Puberty is the stage in a persons development when the reproductive system matures.  Puberty begins with hormones produced in the pituitary gland arrive at the sexual organs.  Then they begin to mature and produce sexual hormones.  These hormones cause the secondary sexual characteristics to develop.

A woman’s reproductive system is formed by various organs called genital organs.  The ovaries produce both sexual hormones and the female sex cells.  The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus.  The uterus is an elastic hollow organ where the baby grows during pregnancy.  The vagina is the canal that connects the uterus to the outside of the body.  The vulva is the external part of the female reproductive system.

The male reproductive system is formed by the testicles.  The testicles are where both sexual hormones and male sex cells are formed.  The sex cells are called spermatozoa.  The vas deferens carry the spermatozoa to the urethra.  The urethra releases spermatozoa to the outside.  The prostate and the seminal vesicles produce a liquid that feeds and transports the spermatozoa.  The scrotum is a tissue sac that protects the testicles.  The penis which has the opening of the urethra at its end.

Unit 2- Nutrition

The Excretory System/El Aparato Excretor

Bodily Functions-Funciones Corporales

Secrete-Segregar

Replace-Reemplazar

Filter-Filtrar

Store-Almacenar, Guardar

Expel-Expulsar

Excretion-Excreción

Urine-Orina

Kidneys-Riñones

Ureters- Uréteres

Bladder-Vejiga Urinaria

Urethra- Uretra

Sweat-Sudor

Sweat Glands-Glándulas Sudoríparas

Pore-Poro

Waste-Desechos

Bodily functions produce waste substances that pass into the blood. Excretion is the elimination of waste substances from the blood.  This process is carried out by the excretory system.

The excretory system is made up of the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder and the urethra.  The kidneysfilter the blood and retain waste substances that make up urine.  The ureters are two tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.  The bladder stores urine until it is expelled from the body.  The urethra is the tube through which the urine is expelled.

Sweat is a liquid that our body secretes.  Sweating eliminates excess heat when our body is very hot or when we exercise.  Sweat is formed in the sweat glands.  Each gland is connected to a pore on the outside surface of our skin.  When our body sweats it loses water and salts.  So, when you sweat you should drink a lot of water to replace it.

Science Vocabulary Unit 1- Living Things

Animal Cell-Célula Animal

Plant Cell-Célula Vegetal

Membrane-Membrana

Nucleus-Núcleo

Cytoplasm-Citoplasma

Organelles-Orgánulos

Chloroplast (Plant)-Cloroplasto (Plantas)

Cell Wall (Plant)-La membrana de la célula vegetal

Shape-Forma

Photosynthesis-Fotosíntesis

Living things-Seres vivos

Unicellular-Unicelular

Multicellular-Pluricelular

Function-Función

Main-Principal

All animals and plants are made up of cells.  Cells are living things. They carry out the life processes of nutrition, reproduction, and sensitivity.  There are many different types of cells with different sizes, shapes and functions. 

Cells have three main parts.  The membrane, that surrounds and protects the cell.  The nucleus, that controls the function of the cell and the cytoplasm, the liquid between the nucleus and the membrane.  The cytoplasm has lots of organelles that have different functions.

Animal cells and plant cells are different.  Animal cells can have an irregular shape.  Plant cells are usually bigger, have a regular shape and a hard cell wall that protects it.  Plant cells have special organelles called chloroplaststhat carry out photosynthesis. 

Animals and plants that have many cells are called multicellular living things.  Other living things are made up of a single cell and are called unicellular living things.

Unit 14 Ancient History

Vocabulary:

Free People/ Gente Libre                                                                                               Floors/Suelos

Rich/ Rico                                                                                                                          

Merchants/ Mercaderes                                                                                                 Tiles/Azulejos, Teselas

Landowners/ Propietarios de Terreno                                                                         Glass/Cristal

Humble/ Humilde

Craftsmen/Artesanos

Farmers/ Granjeros

Rights/Derechos

Participate/ Participar

Government/Gobierno

Slaves/Esclavos

Own/Pertenecer

Domestic Service/Servicios Domesticos

Circus/Circo

Gladiators/Gladiadores

Adopted/ Adoptado

Legionaries/ Legionarios

Settled/Asentaron, Establecieron

Spread/ Extenderse, Difundir

Christianity/Cristianismo

Empire/ Imperio

Cement/Cemento

Concrete/Hormigón

Mixture/Mezcla

Bridges/Puentes

Aqueducts/ Acueductos

Hispano-Roman Society

There were two groups of people in the Hispano-Roman Society. 

Free People were very rich men and women like, merchants, landowners and families from Rome.  Others were more humble people like craftsmen and small merchants and farmers.  Free people had rights and could participate in government.

Slaves were owned by another person.  They worked the land, in domestic service, or gladiators at the circus and had no rights.

The Roman way of Life

The inhabitants of Hispania gradually adopted Roman customs.  Roman soldiers called legionaries began this process.  They settled in Iberian and Celtic villages and transformed them into Roman cities.  They spread the Latin language and Christianity.  In 380 A.D., Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.

Roman Art

The Romans were excellent builders.  They used two new materials, cement and concrete, which is a mixture of stones, cement and sand.  They built bridges and also aqueducts to carry water to the cities. To decorate walls and floors they used paintings or made mosaics with tiles made of colored glass.

Unit 3- Protecting the Environment

Environment-Medio Ambiente

Affect-Afectar

Change-Cambiar

Atmosphere-Atmósfera

Climate-El clima

Ecosystem-Ecosistema

Fuel-Combustible

Pollution-Polución

Global Warming-Calentamiento Global

Deforestation-Deforestación

Forest-Bosque

Disappear-Desaparecer

Loss of Biodiversity-Pérdida de Biodiversidad

Environment-Medio Ambiente

Save-Ahorrar

Responsible Governments-Gobiernos Responsables

Restrictions-Restricciones

Hunt-Caza

Fish-Pescar

Purification-Purificación

Protection-Protección

Nature Reserve-Reserva  Natural

The environment of a living thing consists of everything that affects it.  When we talk about the environment we normally mean everything that affects people, like the atmosphere, oceans and rivers, the climate and all living things on Earth.

Human activity can change the environment and the world’s ecosystems.  People cut down trees, burn fuel and plough the land.

Some environmental problems caused by people are:

Pollution which is the release of harmful substances into the environment. 

Global Warming which is caused by increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causing global temperatures to rise.

Deforestation is the loss of forests.  When trees disappear so do many living things around them.

Loss of Biodiversity is the loss of different species in an ecosystem.  Pollution, deforestation and global warming can cause it.

There are many things we can do to help protect the environment.  Save water, electricity and fuel, also recycling.  National and local governments have the obligation to pass laws to help protect the environment. Some are; hunting and fishing restrictions, water purification systems, animal protection laws and nature reserves and national parks.

Unit 3- Sensitivity

Sensitivity-Relación

The 5 Senses-Los 5 sentidos

Sight-Vista

Smell-Olfato

Taste-Gusto

Touch-Tacto

Hearing-Oído

Sense Organs-Órganos de los sentidos

Nerves-Nervios

Nervous System-Sistema Nervioso

Nervous Tissue-Tejido Nervioso

Central Nervous System-Sistema Nervioso Central

Peripheral Nervous System- Sistema Nervioso Periférico

Neurons-Neuronas

Brain-Encéfalo

Cerebrum-Cerebro

Cerebellum-Cerebelo

Brain Stem-Bulbo Raquídeo

Spinal Cord-Médula Espinal

Sensory Nerves-Nervios Sensitivos

Motor Nerves-Nervios Motores

Voluntary Movement-Movimiento Voluntario

Reflex Movement-Movimiento Reflejo

 

 

Through sensitivity we respond to changes in our environment.

Humans interact with the world through senses.  First the sense organs capture information from the environment outside the body.  Second, the brain interprets the information to make it useful.  Third the brain sends out the information to the body and the body acts it out.

The sense organs have special cells called receptor cells that can detect light, pressure and sound.  Receptor cells send information to the brain through the nerves.

The nervous system is formed by the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System. The Central Nervous System is formed by the Brain and the Spinal Cord.  The Peripheral Nervous System is formed by Nerves.  Nervous Tissue is found in every part of the body and made up of one type of cell called Neurons that can send and receive messages.

The Brain is the control center of the body and the most important organ. It has three parts:

-Cerebrum controls our voluntary actions and our emotions, and             stores memory.

-Cerebellum co-ordinates movement and balance in our body

-Brain Stem regulates the organ activity.

The Peripheral Nervous System formed by the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. It serves to connect the Central Nervous System to the limbs and organs.  The sensory nerves carry information from the sense organs to the central nervous system.  Motor nerves carry orders from the central nervous system to the muscles and organs.

Voluntary movements are those that we choose to do, like writing.  Reflex movements happen automatically without a conscious order from the brain.

English/Spanish Science Vocabulary Unit 1- The Digestive System

The Digestive Process/El Proceso Digestivo

 Digestive Tube-Tubo Digestivo

 Mouth-Boca

Pharynx-Faringe

Oesophagus-Esófago

Stomach-Estómago

Small Intestine-Intestino Delgado

Large Intestine-Intestino Grueso

Anus-Ano

Helper Glands-Glándulas Anejas

Salivary Glands-Glándulas Salivales

Pancreas-Páncreas

Liver-Hígado

Digestion-Digestion

Chew-Masticar

Swallow-Tragar

Bolus-Bolo

Digestive Juices-Jugos Digestivos

Gastric Juices-Jugos Gástricos

 Chyme-Quimo

Intestinal Juice-Jugo Intestinal

Pancreatic Juice-Jugo Pancreático

Bile-Bilis

Chyle-Quilo

Absorption-Absorción

Elimination of Waste-Eliminación de Desechos

Intestinal Villi (Villus-singular) -Vellosidades Intestinales

Capillaries-Capilares

  

In the mouth, teeth breakdown food as you chew.  The food mixes with saliva from the salivary glands.  Food that is chewed and mixed with saliva is called a bolus.  The bolus passes through the pharynx and the oesophagus on the way to the stomach.  Food is mixed with gastric juices by the movement of the stomach to create chyme. Chyme passes to the small intestine.  Intestinal juice, pancreatic juice and bile are added to the chyme to create chyle.  Nutrients from chyle are passed into the blood through absorption.   The small intestine has finger like projections called villi, each villus has capillaries to absorb nutrients into the blood.  After absorption the parts of the food that can´t be digested move to the large intestine. This waste is transformed into faeces and then excreted out of the body through the anus.

Unit 4- The Earth

Amount-Cantidad

Earth-La Tierra

Energy-Energia

Break-Romper

Crust-Corteza

Emerge-Emerger

Earthquakes-Terremotos

Volcanoes-Volcanes

Eruptions-Erupciones

Beneath-Debajo

Seaquakes-Maremotos

Sudden-Repentino

Collapse-Derrumbe

Course-Curso

Wave-Ola

Deep-Profundo

Volcanic Chimney-Chiminea Volcánica

Crater-Cráter

Ash-Ceniza

Volcanic Cone-Cono Volcánico

Reach-Llegar

Active-Activo

Dormant-Latente

Extinct-Estinguido

Risk-Riesgo

There is an enormous amount of energy in the interior of the Earth.  This energy is so great that it can break the crust of the Earth.  It can also produce earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. 

Earthquakes are sudden movements of the Earth’s crust caused by the sudden release of energy from beneath the surface.  Powerful earthquakes can be very destructive.  The vibrations can cause buildings to collapse.  They can also change the course of a river or change the shape of the land.  Earthquakes beneath the sea are called seaquakes and they can produce gigantic waves called tsunamis.

Volcanoes are openings in the Earth’s crust where magma comes to the surface.  Magma is liquid rock found deep inside the Earth.  It is only called lava when it comes to the surface.  Magma goes up through the volcanic chimney and out an opening called a crater.  Volcanoes can expel gases, ash, and rock fragments that form the volcanic cone.  Many volcanoes are found in the oceans.  Islands are formed when the volcanic cone reaches sea level, like the Canary Islands.

There are three types of volcanoes:

Active: they have erupted at least once in the last 10,000 years.

Dormant: they are sleeping but can become active again.

Extinct: they have not erupted in the last 10,000 years.

The most dangerous effects of a volcanic eruption are the toxic gases and burning clouds.  Violent volcanic eruptions can destroy entire cities, islands and change Earth’s climate

Unit 6- Matter

Matter-Materia

Change-Cambiar, Cambio

State-Estado

Melting-Derritiendo

Solidification-Solidificación

Vaporization-Vaporización

Liquid-Liquido

Become-Convertir

Boiling-Hirviendo, Ebullición

Evaporation-Evaporación

Condensation-Condensación

Drops-Gotas

Sublimation-Sublimación

Reverse Sublimation-Sublimación Inversa

Frost-Escarcha

Melting Point- Temperatura de Fusión

Boiling Point- Temperatura de Ebullición

Hang Out (clothes)- Colgar

Heat- Calentar

Rise- Subir

Molds-Molde

Pure-Puro

Changes of State

A change in temperature can cause a change of state in matter.  These are the changes of state:

Melting.  This is when a solid becomes a liquid, like when ice melts and changes to water.

Solidification.  This is when a liquid becomes a solid. It happens at the same temperature as melting.

Vaporization.  This is when a liquid becomes a gas.  It can happen in two ways:

Boiling.  Vaporization happens quickly when the substance reaches             a certain temperature.  When we heat water, it starts to boil and turns to water vapor.

Evaporation.  Vaporization happens slowly and at a lower temperature than boiling.  For example, water evaporates when we hang clothes out to dry.

Condensation.  This happens when a gas becomes a liquid.  Water vapor from the shower forms drops of water on a mirror.

Sublimation.  This is when a solid becomes a gas without first becoming a liquid.  For example, solid air fresheners change into a gas when they mix with the air.

Reverse Sublimation.  This is when a gas becomes a solid without first becoming a liquid.  For example, water vapor in the air turns into frost.

Every pure substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a specific temperature, this is called the melting point.  The boiling point is another specific property of a substance.

Over the years people have learned how to make use of the changes of state.  Melting and solidification are used to manufacture many objects.  Some metals and plastics are heated until they are liquids.  Then they are put into molds and left to become solid.